Personal values are the deeply held principles that guide how you relate to yourself—and how you want others to relate to you. They are your internal compass. They shape your sense of personal integrity, identity, and worth.
Secondary guilt is born from the belief that our behaviour, thoughts, or needs will result in us being pushed out—no longer accepted by our family, friends, partner, workplace, or “tribe.”
Coping mechanisms are psychological and emotional adaptations we develop in response to painful, threatening, or unsafe experiences — especially during childhood but as adults too.